Just to refute some of your points:
1. Goku has trained from a lot of people, so yes, he's an accomplished martial artist, but even in the midst of that, he never really used those techniques to the best of his abilities, since he's a head-on fighter. He's a strong fighter, but not much of a strategist. All we can do is push his limits and see if he can overpower his opponents. Hell, even in some respects, he had assistance. Don't think that he could have beaten Majin Buu alone without Vegeta's help.
At least Superman is capable of fighting alone since, if he acknowledges that his opponent is stronger than he is, he can always devise an plan to weaken his opponents. It's not about pure muscle in his fights, especially when confronting the likes of Darkseid or Doomsday.
2. Majin Buu isn't a magical being. All of the characters on there use energy shots in their battles, which isn't synonymous to magic. And you haven't been paying attention to any of the episodes on DBZ. Goku's not immune to anything. He's susceptible to any attack that is well above his strength level, so I really don't know what world you're diving into nor I don't know where you're getting your source material.
3. Goku isn't really capable of moving planets, but he could destroy them with his Kamehameha Wave technique even in SSJ1 form. And again, you're not paying attention...there's a crucial difference between sheer willpower and endurance and body biorhythm which is alien to a planet. You've obviously forgotten that Goku incrementally increased the gravity weight during his training once his body has gotten use to it. Beyond that, his sheer will actually kept him alive.
Keywords: Sheer willpower
4. Wrong. Broly's energy shield served as more of an atmospheric bubble to protect him on numerous occasions, as well as serving as oxygen since Saiyans cannot breathe in space, similar to that to humans. Remember, Goku had to rush off to Planet Namek after defeating Frieza. And why? It's because he can't breath in space. Understand?
5. Your knowledge in the superhero universe is well-below average and take into account that Superman has fought a lot more enemies than Tabula Rasa, Darkseid, and Doomsday. Remember, Doomsday killed Superman, but was revived through the sun, so I really don't know what sort of limited information you're getting your sources from. I'm nowhere near an expert on this as say Eye of Ra or archangel, but at least I do some research on the characters and not possess some faulty knowledge of them.
Well I don't know what subject matter we're using for this debate but if we are going to use just the cartoons I'd still have to pick Goku for a number of reasons.
1. Like it has been said before he actually knows how to fight. He has fighting techniques.
2. Unlike superman he can withstand and defeat magical beings like Majon Buu.
3. I have no measure of his strength since I can't recall an episode where they measured it but using episodes where he trained in 100 times the earth's gravity for hours gives a pretty good indicator as well as the episode where Vegita trained in 400 times the earth's gravity. Goku is stronger than Vegita so I would assume that he'd have no problem doing 400 times the earth's gravity in an untransformed state as well. Btw a fraction of that would crush an other organic life form on earth lending to the fact that their physiology is in fact much different than a humans. Take into account that each transformation makes him five times stronger than his previous state at SS level 4 he'd be more than 600 times stronger than his untransformed state.
4. One could also assume that he can survive in deep space since Broly did it at SS level 1 also surviving a planet explosion.
5. My overall reasoning for picking Goku over Superman is he I've never seen Superman train and progress. He's never had to face an enemy stronger than himself and have to dig deep to defeat him. He's seemingly indestructible so he's never had to be brave and figure his way out of a tough fight (again using the cartoons as a reference). It's always been brute force with him having little to no problem beating his opponent outside of Darkside and Dr. Ivo's android (who beat him and the entire Justice League btw)
Goku has always risen to the occasion even when the odds were against him. His powers weren't bestowed upon him, he worked for every ounce of power he's ever wielded which makes him more adept to handle a tough battle.